Urinary Tract Infection

A urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs when bacteria invade the urinary system, affecting the kidneys, bladder, or urethra. The most common cause is the bacterium Escherichia coli. Although women are more predisposed due to the anatomy of their urethra (which is shorter and therefore more susceptible to external contamination), infections can also affect children and individuals with urinary tract problems or those with catheterisation.

Symptoms include a burning sensation when urinating, frequent urination in small amounts, foul-smelling or bloody urine, abdominal and lower back pain, fever, and, in some cases, nausea and vomiting. When UTIs affect the kidneys, they can cause long-term damage, such as hypertension or kidney failure.
Factors such as pregnancy, diabetes, urinary obstructions, poor hygiene, sexually transmitted infections, or abnormalities in the urinary tract increase the risk of these infections. Diagnosis is primarily done through laboratory analysis of urine, which helps identify the causative microorganism and select the appropriate antibiotic.

Treatment generally involves antibiotics, along with general care such as increasing fluid intake, maintaining good hygiene, and not delaying urination. In pregnant women, it is important to choose antibiotics that are safe for the fetus.
To prevent urinary tract infections, it is advisable to drink an adequate amount of water, urinate whenever the urge arises (avoiding retention), clean oneself properly, avoid certain irritating products, and wear appropriate underwear. These measures can help reduce the risk of urinary infections, especially in women.